- Description
- Inquiry
SL204 Vapour pressure of water – MarcSTboiler Vocational Training Tools And Equipment Heat Transfer Teaching Equipment
- Description
In a closed system filled with fluid, a thermodynamic equilibrium sets in between the fluid and its vaporised phase. The prevailing pressure is called vapour pressure. It is substance-specific and temperature-dependent.
When a fluid is heated in a closed tank, the pressure increases as the temperature rises. Theoretically, the pressure increase is possible up to the critical point at which the densities of the fluid and gaseous phases are equal. Fluid and vapour are then no longer Distinguishable from each other. This knoSLedge is applied in practice in process technology for freeze drying or pressure cooking.
The SL 204 experimental unit can be used to demonstrate the relationship between the pressure and temperature of water in a straightforward manner. Temperatures of up to 200°C are possible for recording the vapour pressure curve. The temperature and pressure can be continuously monitored via a Digital temperature display and a Bourdon tube pressure gauge.
A temperature limiter and pressure relief valve are fitted as safety devices and protect the system against overpressure.
- Technical details
Specification
Measuring a vapour pressure curve for saturated vapour
Pressure boiler with insulating jacket
Temperature limiter and safety valve protect against overpressure in the system
Bourdon tube pressure gauge to indicate pressure
Digital temperature display
Technical data
Bourdon tube pressure gauge: -1…24bar
Temperature limiter: 200°C
Safety valve: 20bar
Heater: 2kW
Boiler, stainless steel: 2L
Measuring ranges
Temperature: 0…200°C
Pressure: 0…20bar
230V, 50Hz, 1 phase
230V, 60Hz, 1 phase
120V, 60Hz, 1 phase
UL/CSA optional
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Model: SR2022
Learning Objectives / Experiments
– Variables affecting energy efficiency
* controller parameters
* refrigerant supercooling
– Interconnected operation of compressors
– Operation of a multicompressor controller
– Methods for returning oil in a multicompressor refrigeration system
– Representation of the thermodynamic cycle in the log p-h diagramSpecification
[1] Refrigeration system in multicompressor operation to investigate energy efficiency
[2] Refrigeration circuit with 3 compressors connected in parallel, condenser, thermostatic expansion valve and coaxial coil heat exchanger as evaporator
[3] Heat exchanger for refrigerant supercooling can be added via valves
[4] Glycol-water circuit includes pump and tank with heater serving as cooling load at the evaporator
[5] Multicompressor controller for the parallel operation of the compressors
[6] Separation of oil from the refrigerant on the delivery side and return to the intake side of the compressors
[7] Fan at the condenser with adjustable speed
[8] LabVIEW software for data acquisition via USB under Windows XP or Windows Vista
[9] Refrigerant R134a, CFC-free
Technical Data
3 compressors
– refrigeration capacity: each 1584W at -10°C/55°C
– power consumption: each 1156W at -10°C/55°C
Condenser with fan
– capacity: 4100W
– air flow: 1250m³/h
Coaxial coil heat exchanger capacity
– 4kW at ΔT=9K; 0,6m³/h glycol-water mixture
Glycol-water mixture pump
– max. flow rate: 5m³/h
– max. head: 6m
Heater power: 3kW
Tank
– glycol-water mixture: 23L
– refrigeration circuit receiver: 5,8L
Measuring ranges
– temperature: 4x 0…100°C, 4x -100°C…100°C
– pressure: 1x -1…9bar, 1x -1…24bar
– flow rate: 1x 1..25L/min
– compressor power: 0…4995W
Dimensions and Weight
l x w x h: 1800x700x1900mm
Weight: approx. 300kg
Connections
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Specification
Training panel for investigating the pressure losses in pipe fittings such as elbows and bends
4different measuring sections, measured length of each section 2300mm, 10 elbows/bends
Pressure measurement with annular chambers with electronic differential pressure gauge
Flow rate measurement with Rota meter
Hose connections made using quick action coupling
Water feed via pressure reducer
Cold water connection
Differential pressure gauge with bleed – measuring range: 0…2000mbar – supply: 9V, battery-operated
Rota meter: measuring range 150…1600ltr/h
Outlet pressure at pressure reducer: 0.5…2bar
Pipe sections: measured length: 2300mm – Pipe section 1: steel, bend
1/2″, 90° bend – Pipe section 3: copper 18x1mm, 90° elbow – Pipe section 4: copper 18x1mm, 90° bend
Pipe and Fittings
7mm bore test section
13.6mm bore test section
13.6mm bore test section with four bends
13.6mm bore test section with four elbows
13.6mm bore test section with ball valve
13.6mm bore test section with angle seated valve
Expeirmental Capabilities
Determination of pressure drop across various pipes and fittings at differnet flow rates
Flow rate/diameter relationship determination for flid flow in pipes
Estimation of loss coefficient (K) for various pipes, pipe fitting and valve settings
Friction Factor determination for fluid flow in smooth pipes
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Specification
[1] investigation of the pipe friction in laminar or turbulent flow on Hydraulic Bench
[2] transparent tank with overflow ensures constant water inlet pressure in the pipe section for experiments with laminar flow
[3] water supply via Base Module ( Hydraulic Bench) or via laboratory supply for experiments with turbulent flow
[4] flow rate adjustment via valves
[5] twin tube manometer for measurements in laminar flow
[6] dial-gauge manometer for measurements in turbulent flow
[7] flow rate determined by base module Hydraulic Bench
[8] water supply using base module ( Hydraulic Bench) or via laboratory supply
* Diameter of test pipe : 3.0mm ( Bore)
* Length of test pipe : 524mm
* Needle Valve included to regulate flow rate
length: 1000mm – Pipe section 1: acrylic 20×1.5mm – Pipe section 2: steel 1/2″ –
Smooth-bore pipes of various diameters Size – 6mm , 10mm, 17mm
Overall dimensions:
* Height : 1.05m form the ground level
* Width : 2.25m
* Depth : 0.43m
Test Pipe Diameters:
The Pipe network should have 90° Bends, 90° elbow,90°T, 45°elbow & Y.
Sudden enlargement
Sudden contraction
Ball Valve
Gate Valve
Globe valve
Inline strainer
Venturi made of clear acrylic
orifice palte made of clear acrylic
Pitot Static tube section made of clear acrylic
EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES
Laminar to turbulent flow regimes in pipes
Energy losses in pipe fittings and bends
Flow measurement using venturi meter
Flow measurement using orifice plate
Use of pitot static tube
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Learning Objectives / Experiments
– flow measurement
– differential pressure measurement
– effect of flow and surface roughness
– effect of the flow velocity
– effect of changes in pipe direction
Specification
[1] investigation of the pressure loss at pipe elements with different changes in pipe direction and materials
[2] pipe elements are commercially standard components in heating and sanitary engineering
[3] clear panel mounted on a sturdy, movable frame
[4] simply selection of the measuring sections via hose connection with quick-release couplings
[5] flow can be adjusted via valves
[6] flow measurement using rotameter
[7] differential pressure measurement via differential pressure meter with display
Technical Data
Measuring sections: 2300mm
– pipe section 1: steel, diameter: 1/2″, 90° pipe angle
– pipe section 2: steel, diameter: 1/2″, 90° pipe bend
– pipe section 3: copper, diameter: 18x1mm,90° pipe angle
– pipe section 4: copper, diameter: 18x1mm,90° pipe bend
Differential pressure meter
Measuring ranges- flow rate: 150…1600L/h- differential pressure: -350mbar…350mbar
Dimensions and Weight LxWxH: 1650x700x1850mmWeight: approx. 100kg
Required for Operation
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investigation of the pressure losses of flow through pipes
– measurement of the pressure differential on different pipe sections
– influence of various pipe diameters
– influence of different materials and surface roughness
– effect of the flow velocity
– comparison between experiment and theory
Specification
[1] investigation of friction-induced pressure losses in flow through pipes
[2] pipe elements are commercially standard components in heating and sanitary engineering
[3] clear panel mounted on a sturdy, movable frame
[4] four measuring sections with different pipe crosssections and materials
[5] pipe sections can be selected via ball valves
[6] water connections made using quick-release couplings in the inflow and return
[7] flow can be adjusted via valves
[8] flow measurement using rotameter
[9] differential pressure measurement via differential pressure meter with display
Technical Data
Pipe sections measuring length: 1000mm
– pipe section 1: transparent plastic, diameter: 20×1,5mm
– pipe section 2: steel, diameter: 1/2″
– pipe section 3: copper, diameter: 18x1mm
– pipe section 4: copper, diameter: 15x1mm
Differential pressure meter
Measuring ranges- flow rate: 150…1600L/h- differential pressure: -350mbar…350mbar
Dimensions and Weight LxWxH: 1650x700x1850mm Weight: approx. 92kg
Required for Operation
Water connection: 1500L/h, drainlosses in a pipe system Vocational Training Equipment Educational Equipment
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Learning Objectives / Experiments
– pressure curve in a closed pipe system with circulation pump
– influence of pipe diameter, flow velocity, change in
cross-section and pipe fittings on the pressure losses
– determination of pump characteristics, system characteristics and the operating point
Specification
[1] investigation of the pressure losses at contractions, pipe angles, pipe bends, valves and fittings and pipe elements of different diameter
[2] pipe elements are commercially standard components in heating and sanitary engineering
[3] clear panel mounted on a sturdy, movable frame
[4] closed water circuit with pump and tank
[5] integrated bleed valve on manometer and in the pipe section
[6] flow measurement using rotameter
[7] measurement of the pressure distribution at
13 pressure measuring points, display with 13 tube manometers
Technical Data
Pump – 3 stages – max. flow rate: 4,5m³/h – max. head: 6m
Tank: approx. 5L
Measuring range – flow rate: 100…1000L/h – pressure: 1600mmWC
Dimensions and Weight LxWxH: 1900x700x2020mm Weight: approx. 140kg
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