- Description
- Inquiry
SL352 Free and Forced Convection Unit school teaching equipment Thermal Laboratory Equipment
- Description
The heat transport is substance-bound. The heat transport is substance-bound. In the convection process, the whole fluid is moving. So-called bulks of fluid move (and thus transfer heat) from warm zones into cold zones The different temperatures lead to density differences in the fluid so that a flow develops. In the case of free convection, the density differences result in a rather slow flow of the fluid with a more intensive heat transfer. In the case of forced convection, The flow is generated by a fan or pump. In this case, the heat transfer to fluid particles is lower, but more heat is transported than with free convection due to the much larger mass flow.
The core element of the SL 352 experimental unit is a vertical duct into which a heating element is inserted. Three flows elements with different surfaces are available: a flat plate, a tube bundle Or fins. For experiments on forced convection, an additional fan has to be activated.
Sensors record the flow velocity of the air, the heating power and the temperatures at all relevant points.
The well-structured instructional material sets out the fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments.
Learning Objectives / Experiments
– free and forced convection
– heat transfer at different surfaces:
Flat plate
* pipe bundle
* fins
– temperature distribution in the heat exchanger
– determination of the Reynolds and Nusselt numbers
– calculation of heat transfer coefficient for free and
Forced convection
2.Technical details
Specification
[1] heat transfer in the air duct by free and forced convection
[2] air duct with axial fan
[3] 3 heating elements with different surfaces: flat plate, tube bundle or fins
[4] sensors measure temperatures (upstream and downstream of the heating element and inside the heating element), flow velocity of the air and heating power
Technical Data
Air duct
– flow cross-section: 120x120mm
– height: 1m
Axial fan
– max. volumetric flow rate: 170m3/h
– max. pressure difference: 54Pa
– power consumption: 6,5W
– nominal speed: 2900min-1
Heating elements
– temperature limitation: max. 150°C
– max. heating power: 200W
– surface of flat plate: 140cm2
– surface of tube bundle: 980cm2
– surface of fins: 1400cm2
Measuring ranges
– flow velocity: 0…10m/s
– temperature: 2x 0…100°C, 1x 0…200°C
– heating power: 0…375W
Scope of Delivery
1 experimental unit
3 heating elements
1 display and control unit
1 set of instructional material
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Training panel for investigating the pressure losses in pipe fittings such as elbows and bends
4different measuring sections, measured length of each section 2300mm, 10 elbows/bends
Pressure measurement with annular chambers with electronic differential pressure gauge
Flow rate measurement with Rota meter
Hose connections made using quick action coupling
Water feed via pressure reducer
Cold water connection
Differential pressure gauge with bleed – measuring range: 0…2000mbar – supply: 9V, battery-operated
Rota meter: measuring range 150…1600ltr/h
Outlet pressure at pressure reducer: 0.5…2bar
Pipe sections: measured length: 2300mm – Pipe section 1: steel, bend
1/2″, 90° bend – Pipe section 3: copper 18x1mm, 90° elbow – Pipe section 4: copper 18x1mm, 90° bend
Pipe and Fittings
7mm bore test section
13.6mm bore test section
13.6mm bore test section with four bends
13.6mm bore test section with four elbows
13.6mm bore test section with ball valve
13.6mm bore test section with angle seated valve
Expeirmental Capabilities
Determination of pressure drop across various pipes and fittings at differnet flow rates
Flow rate/diameter relationship determination for flid flow in pipes
Estimation of loss coefficient (K) for various pipes, pipe fitting and valve settings
Friction Factor determination for fluid flow in smooth pipes
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investigation of the pressure losses of flow through pipes
– measurement of the pressure differential on different pipe sections
– influence of various pipe diameters
– influence of different materials and surface roughness
– effect of the flow velocity
– comparison between experiment and theory
Specification
[1] investigation of friction-induced pressure losses in flow through pipes
[2] pipe elements are commercially standard components in heating and sanitary engineering
[3] clear panel mounted on a sturdy, movable frame
[4] four measuring sections with different pipe crosssections and materials
[5] pipe sections can be selected via ball valves
[6] water connections made using quick-release couplings in the inflow and return
[7] flow can be adjusted via valves
[8] flow measurement using rotameter
[9] differential pressure measurement via differential pressure meter with display
Technical Data
Pipe sections measuring length: 1000mm
– pipe section 1: transparent plastic, diameter: 20×1,5mm
– pipe section 2: steel, diameter: 1/2″
– pipe section 3: copper, diameter: 18x1mm
– pipe section 4: copper, diameter: 15x1mm
Differential pressure meter
Measuring ranges- flow rate: 150…1600L/h- differential pressure: -350mbar…350mbar
Dimensions and Weight LxWxH: 1650x700x1850mm Weight: approx. 92kg
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Learning Objectives / Experiments
– pressure curve in a closed pipe system with circulation pump
– influence of pipe diameter, flow velocity, change in
cross-section and pipe fittings on the pressure losses
– determination of pump characteristics, system characteristics and the operating point
Specification
[1] investigation of the pressure losses at contractions, pipe angles, pipe bends, valves and fittings and pipe elements of different diameter
[2] pipe elements are commercially standard components in heating and sanitary engineering
[3] clear panel mounted on a sturdy, movable frame
[4] closed water circuit with pump and tank
[5] integrated bleed valve on manometer and in the pipe section
[6] flow measurement using rotameter
[7] measurement of the pressure distribution at
13 pressure measuring points, display with 13 tube manometers
Technical Data
Pump – 3 stages – max. flow rate: 4,5m³/h – max. head: 6m
Tank: approx. 5L
Measuring range – flow rate: 100…1000L/h – pressure: 1600mmWC
Dimensions and Weight LxWxH: 1900x700x2020mm Weight: approx. 140kg
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Specification
[1] investigation of the pipe friction in laminar or turbulent flow on Hydraulic Bench
[2] transparent tank with overflow ensures constant water inlet pressure in the pipe section for experiments with laminar flow
[3] water supply via Base Module ( Hydraulic Bench) or via laboratory supply for experiments with turbulent flow
[4] flow rate adjustment via valves
[5] twin tube manometer for measurements in laminar flow
[6] dial-gauge manometer for measurements in turbulent flow
[7] flow rate determined by base module Hydraulic Bench
[8] water supply using base module ( Hydraulic Bench) or via laboratory supply
* Diameter of test pipe : 3.0mm ( Bore)
* Length of test pipe : 524mm
* Needle Valve included to regulate flow rate
length: 1000mm – Pipe section 1: acrylic 20×1.5mm – Pipe section 2: steel 1/2″ –
Smooth-bore pipes of various diameters Size – 6mm , 10mm, 17mm
Overall dimensions:
* Height : 1.05m form the ground level
* Width : 2.25m
* Depth : 0.43m
Test Pipe Diameters:
The Pipe network should have 90° Bends, 90° elbow,90°T, 45°elbow & Y.
Sudden enlargement
Sudden contraction
Ball Valve
Gate Valve
Globe valve
Inline strainer
Venturi made of clear acrylic
orifice palte made of clear acrylic
Pitot Static tube section made of clear acrylic
EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES
Laminar to turbulent flow regimes in pipes
Energy losses in pipe fittings and bends
Flow measurement using venturi meter
Flow measurement using orifice plate
Use of pitot static tube
Use of manometers
